The Resistance Leagues of the Western Maccaa Oromoo: A Study of Anti-Conquest Movements, 1881-1900
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20372/star.v13i2.05Keywords:
Afran Naggaadotaa, Afran Oromootaa, conquest, nafetegna system, LeagueAbstract
In response to the violent conquests by the Shawan Amhara, the Western Maccaa Oromoo formed Resistance Leagues in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, according to this research. It explores the many types of resistance demonstrated both within and outside of the leagues, as well as the internal political causes that threatened Oromoo unity prior to the conquest. Notwithstanding these efforts, historical writings about the Maccaa Oromoo have a tendency to overlook the Oromoo battles that took place outside the Gibee River and instead center on the winners' allies. The study takes a qualitative approach to research by gathering and evaluating primary and secondary sources, as well as oral histories, to understand the views, emotions, and thoughts related to the resistance activities. The Western Maccaa Oromoo seemed to be hardy and tactically astute, since their leagues managed to defeat the invaders on more than one occasion. Their attempts at resistance were overwhelmed by modern European armies, and by 1900, they had been entirely subdued and suppressed.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Abbadie d’Arnuald. (1880). DouzAm de Sejour dans le Haute-Ethiopie (Abyssinie): Vatican City.
Abbas Hajii Gnamo.(2014). Conquest and Resistance in the Ethiopian Empire, 1880-1974: The Case of the Arsi Oromo. Bosten: Brill.
Aubry, Alphones.(1888). “Une Mission au Royaume de Choa et dans les pays [Oromos] (Afrique Orientale)”, Archives des Mission Scientiques et Literaires, XIV, Paris: 493-494
Audn, Henri. (1889). “Voyageau Choa (1884-1888)”, Le tour du Monde, 58.
Avanchers, Leon des. (1859). Esquisse géographique des pays Oromo ou Galla, des pays Somali et de la côte orientale d'Afrique. Bulletin de la Société de Géographie 17. 153-170.
Bahru Zewde. (2002). A History of Modern Ethiopia, 1855-1991 (Second Ed.). Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University.
Borelli, Jules. (1890). Ethiopie Meridionale: Journal De Mox Voyage Pays Amhara, Oromo Et Sidama, September, 1885-November 1888. Paris: May and Motteroz.
Caulk, R.A. (1975). “Territorial Competition and the Battle of Embabo,” Journal of Ethiopian Studies, 8, 1: 78-88.
Cecchi, A. (1885). Da Zeila Alle Frontiere del Caffa, vol. II.
Cerulli, Enrico (1922). Folk Literature of the [Oromo] of Southern Ethiopia. Harvard: Harvard University.
Cresswell, John. (2009). (Third Ed.) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Approach. Los Angeles: SAGE Publication Ltd.
Etana Habte. (1918). “Resistance and Integration in The Ethiopian Empire: The Case of The Macca Oromo of Qellem (1880s-1974)”. PhD Dissertation, Department of History, University of London.
Farmer, Alan and Adrina Stiles. The Unification of Germany, 1815-1919 (Third Ed.). London: Hoder Education Publisher.
Gebeyehu Duressa & Kenea Geleta. (2022). “Conquest and its impacts on the Gibe Oromo states: Evidence from Limmu Enarea Ca. 1880s-1910,” Cogent Social Sciences 8:1:1-13. 2029247, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2022.2029247.
Guluma Gemeda.(1980). “Historical Traditions of the Five Gibe States: A Preliminary Review of the Jimma Oral Tradition Project” B.A. Thesis, Department of History, Addis Ababa University.
Guluma Gemeda.(1984). Gomma and Limmu, “The Process of State Formation among the Oromo in the Gibe State.”.MA Thesis, Department of History, Addis Ababa University.
Guluma Gemeda.(1996). “Conquest and Resistance in the Gibe Region, 1881-1900.” Journal of Oromo studies, 3, 2: 52-61.
Henze, Paul. (2000). Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia. New York: Palgrave.
James, Wendy, G. Bauman, D. Johnson (eds). (1996). Juan Maria Schuver’s Travels in Northeast Africa, 1880-1883. London: Hakluyt, 1996.
Lewis, H.S. (1965). A Galla Monarchy: Jimma Abba Jifar, Ethiopia, 1830-1932 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1965.
Marcus, Harold . (1994). A History of Ethiopia. London: University of California Press
Mekuria Bulcha. (2011). Contour of the Emergent and Ancient Oromo Nation: Dilemma in the Ethiopian Politics of State and Nation Building. Cape Town: The Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society.
Massaja, Gugielimo. 1895. In Abissina E Fra I [Oromo]. Firenze: Tipografia Di Enrico Arian
Mawhood, Philip. (1989). “State Formation in Tropical Africa.” International Political Science Review, Vol.10, No.3: 239-250, 242: http://www.jstor.org /sta ble/1600806.
Mengesha Lukas. (2019). “A History of Cooraa District, Ilu Abba Bor, ca. 1880s-1991”.MA. Thesis, Department of History and Heritage Management, Jimma University.
Samuel Mamo. (1998). “The Administration of Arjo (South Eastern Wallaga, 18821936)”. M.A Thesis, Department of History, Addis Ababa University.
Sedgwick, D. Henery.(1905). A Short History of Italy, 476-1900. Boston and New York.
Tesema Ta’a. (2008). “Defending Regional Autonomy and Cultural Identity: The Case of Leeqaa Naqamtee and Leeqaa Qellem (1882-1937.” Journal of Oromo Studies, 15, 1: 41-78.
Tesema Ta’a.(1986). “The Political Economy of Western Central Ethiopia: From the Mid-16th to the Early 20th Centuries” Ph.D. Dissertation: Department of History, Michigan State University.
Tesfaye Tolessa. (2019). “A History of Oromo Literature and Identity Issues, 1840-1991.”. Addis Ababa University, PhD Dissertation, Department of History.
Yemane G/Egzabher. (1979). “Seenaa Warra Bakaree”: Unpublished Manuscript.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Science, Technology and Arts Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
STAR © 2023 Copyright; All rights reserved
Accepted 2024-06-26
Published 2024-06-26
