Submissions

Author Guidelines

A manuscript must be submitted with a covering letter from the author of the correspondence by online. After the successful submission of the manuscript, the corresponding author will be acknowledged within 72 hours. Any queries regarding the preparation and submission of manuscripts to the journal should be addressed via email (star@wgu.edu.et)

English is the official language of the journal. Corresponding authors must declare that the manuscript is submitted on behalf of all authors. Copyright belongs to the publisher upon acceptance of the manuscript. Rejected manuscripts will not be returned to the authors.

 Manuscript Preparation

• Original Research Paper

Papers should be prepared in A4 (8.27" X 11.69") page size, using Times New Roman with a font size of 12, line spacing of 1.5, and margins as "normal". All pages are numbered starting from the title page. Lines should be numbered in the margins with continuous numbering from the start of the manuscript. The authors must strictly adhere to the proper format of the journal for all sections of the manuscript; refer to papers in recent issues for the general layout of the paper and also for details.

A research paper typically should be in the following order:

1. Title
2. Abstract and Keywords
3. Introduction
4. Materials and Methods
5. Results
6. Discussion
7. Conclusion
8. Acknowledgements (If any)
9. Competing Interests
10. Funding
11. Ethics approval
12. References

1. Title 

First page should include the complete title of the manuscript, full names of all authors,  their affiliations, and addresses. The name and e-mail address of the corresponding author are also mandatory.

The title should be in Times New Roman, font size of 12 (bold), and the first character in each word has to be capitalized, and the title should be centred. The full names of the authors and their affiliations should be mentioned.

2. Abstract and keywords

The abstract, with not more than 200 words, should be presented concisely by including the objectives, methods, findings, and conclusions. A list of 4 to 6 keywords or short phrases suitable for indexing should be listed at the bottom of the abstract page. Vague or over-generalized terms should be avoided. It is necessary to make the abstract with a font size of 11 and italicised.

3. Introduction

State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey. Description of the research area, pertinent background information, and the hypotheses tested in the study should be included. The statement of the problem with the general aim or the basic research questions of the study must be well stated to identify the research gap.

4. Materials and methods

Materials and methods should include explicit and concise descriptions of all methods or procedures employed. Commonly used methods require only a citation of the original source. The accuracy, reproducibility, reliability, etc. of the work are worth mentioning. The statistical tools used to analyze the data should be clearly explained. Experimental animals or human subjects must be accompanied by a statement of the necessary ethical approval from the appropriate ethical committee.

5. Results

The results should be clear and concise. They should include experimental, qualitative, or quantitative data but not extend discussions of its relative significance. Results are more easily grasped by readers if they are presented in graphic or tabular form rather than discursively. When dealing with the results,  data should not be repeated in the text, tables, or figures.

6. Discussion

Discussion explores the significance of the results of the work without repeating them. A combined results and discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid excessive citations and discussions of published literature. This section relates the results section to the current understanding of the scientific problems being investigated in the field. A comparison of other works in the field should be included here. This section also allows discussing the significance of your results. This section should end with new answers or questions that arise as a result of the findings. Lengthy discussion necessarily means a delay in accepting manuscripts for publication. The discussion should be written with a logical connection between the introduction and conclusions.

7. Conclusions

The conclusions of the study may be presented in a concise way. This section must go in line with the results and discussion of the study by touching on the points raised in the research question.

8. Acknowledgements

This section recognises the individuals or organisations that provided help during the research (e.g., providing funding, editing, writing assistance, proofreading, etc.).

9. Competing Interests

Authors are requested to disclose interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication. Disclosure of interests provides a complete and transparent process and helps readers form their own judgements of potential bias.

10. Funding

Provide the source of the research grants (if any)

11. Ethics approval: Research involving human participants, their data or biological  material

When reporting a study that involved human participants, their data or biological material, authors should include a statement that confirms that the study was approved (or granted exemption) by the appropriate institutional and/or national research ethics committee (including the name of the ethics committee) and certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. If doubt exists whether the research was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration or comparable standards, the authors must explain the reasons for their approach and demonstrate that an independent ethics committee or institutional review board explicitly approved the doubtful aspects of the study. If a study was granted exemption from requiring ethics approval, this should also be detailed in the manuscript (including the reasons for the exemption).

12. References

Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the text citations and reference list. The references should follow the standard APA 7 reference style. "Personal communication" will not be accepted as a reference.

Format for Citing the References in Text

Single author:

Author's name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication.

Parenthetical :  (Elangovan, 2023)

Narrative:   Elangovan (2023)

Two authors:

Both authors' names and the year of publication;

Three or more authors:

First author's name followed by et al., and the year of publication.

If the same author or authors published twice or more in the same year, citations should be included in the small alphabet at the end of the year. An example is given as follows:

Parenthetical (Blondaux & Hanrahan, 2018a) and (Blondaux & Hanrahan, 2018b)

Narrative: Blondaux and Hanrahan (2018a); Blondaux and Hanrahan (2018b)

In the Reference section, all the references should be listed in Alphabetical order (A - Z)

I Journal Articles

Dheressa, M. A., Olana, T., & Bekele, E. (2023). The Effect of Task-Based Language Instruction on Shambu Secondary Students’ Speaking Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Benefits. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 11(4), 822–833. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v11i4.8811

Organization as Author

Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and proinsulin in participants with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension 679-86.

Paper or Chapter in a Book

Osawa, T. (1994). Novel natural antioxidants for utilization in food and biological systems. In: Uritani, I., Garcia, V.V. & Mendoza, E.M. (Eds.), Postharvest biochemistry of plant food materials in the tropics. Tokyo, Japan: Japan Scientific Societies Press, pp. 241-251.

Book by Authors

Atta-ur-Rahman., Choudhary, M.I., Thomsen,

W.J. (2001). Bioassay Techniques for Drug Development. Harwood Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp. 142–143.

Thesis / Dissertation:

Author, A. (year). Title (Publication No. if present) (Doctoral dissertation/PhD thesis/Master's dissertation/Master's thesis), Institution Name, Country.

Kelly,  B. D. (2018). The Art of Coffee Roasting: Investigations into Sensor Development for the Application of Controlling Coffee Roasting (PhD Thesis), The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.  https://hdl.handle.net/10289/11614

Patents

Haga, T. (1976). Japan Patent No. 50-54628.

Web Pages

Include author, date, title, availability information, and accession date, if needed. The URL of the site should be mentioned.

13. Tables and Figures 

Figures and tables should be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals within the text at the appropriate place (table description at the top and figure description at the bottom).

Tables

• All tables are to be numbered using Arabic numerals.
• Tables should always be cited in the text in consecutive numerical order.
• For each table, please supply a table caption (title) explaining the components of the table.
• Identify any previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference at the end of the table caption.
• Use the table function, not spreadsheets, to make tables. Avoid creating tables by hand using multiple spaces or tabs and containing no cells.
• Mention the units within the cell.
• The tab number and Caption should be written as follows:

Table 1

Determination of speed

Figures

• All illustrations should be placed at the end of the text body, together with their figure captions.
• If a figure consists of several parts, they should be arranged one after another, and have a common caption. In a file, illustrations should not be placed in table cells or grouped in a similar way.
• The original files of illustrations should be submitted along with the manuscript.
• Name the figure files with “Figure” and the figure number, for example. Figure 1
• Figure caption: Figure1. Study area
• Do not add shading or grids to the background of graphs.
• Upload the images in JPEG format with more than 300dpi.
• The photographs and figures should be trimmed to remove all the unwanted areas.
• Labels, numbers, and symbols should be clear and of uniform size. The lettering for figures should be large enough to be legible after the column.
• Symbols, arrows, or letters used in photomicrographs should contrast with the background and should marked neatly with transfer type.
• When graphs, scatter-grams or histograms are submitted, the numerical data on which they are based should also be supplied.
• If a figure has been published elsewhere, acknowledge the original source and submit written permission from the copyright holder to reproduce should appear in the legend for such figures.
• The Journal reserves the right to crop, rotate, reduce, or enlarge the photographs to an acceptable size.

1. Review Articles

The review articles should comprise the best analysis of the results of the previous research works.

III.  Correspondence (Letter to the Editor)

Correspondence (Letter to the Editor) should be short and decisive observations. The Journal will occasionally consider publishing letters to the editor from readers and authors in the “Correspondence” section. Letters should be comments and clarifications on articles that have recently been published in this Journal and be in a concise form. They should preferably be related to articles previously published in the Journal or they should not be preliminary observations that need a later paper for validation. The letter could have up to 700 words, one table/could be generally authored by not more than four authors.

1. Short Communications

Short Communications includes completed projects of smaller scope, but may not be used for preliminary publications of the data; therefore, the same material cannot be published elsewhere as an original paper.Main body of the text of these communications should be not more than of 2,000 words in length and without any subheadings.Manuscripts should contain no more than 2 Figures and/or Tables.Maximum of 15 references.They should have an abstract not exceeding 150 words in length.Manuscripts normally occupy 4 journal pages.2-4 keywords or short phrases for indexing should be mentioned.Indicate the number of words used in the main body of the text.

1. Case reports

New, interesting and rare cases can be reported. They should be unique, describing a great diagnostic or therapeutic challenge and readers. Cases with clinical significance or implications will be given priority.The manuscript could be of up to 1000 words (excluding references and abstract). These communications should have the following headings: Abstract (150 words), Key-words (3-5 words) Introduction, Case report Discussion, Reference (maximum 12)

 Proofs

The corresponding author of an accepted manuscript will receive an e-mail notification and complete instructions when page proofs are available for review via a secure Website. Routine rephrasing of sentences or additions are not permitted at the page proof stage. Alterations should be restricted to serious changes in interpretation or corrections of data. Extensive or important changes on page proofs, including changes to the list of authors or major changes to the title, are subject to editorial review. It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to ensure that all authors listed on the manuscript agree with the changes made to the proofs. Galley proofs should be returned within 48 hours of receipt in order to ensure the timely publication of the manuscript. Only the corresponding author should submit one set of galley corrections to the STAR.

Changing the Authorship

This policy concerns the addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship of accepted manuscripts. Before the accepted manuscript is published in an online issue, authors are requests to add or remove an author, or to rearrange the author names, must be sent to the Editor in Chief from the corresponding author of the accepted manuscript and must include: (a) the reason the name should be added or removed, or the author names rearranged and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, fax, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of the addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed. Requests that are not sent by the corresponding author will be forwarded by the Editor in Chief to the corresponding author, who must follow the procedure as described above. Publication of the accepted manuscript in an online issue is suspended until authorship has been agreed.

Plagiarism Policy

Plagiarism is considered to be a serious breach of scientific ethics by the Journal. If the plagiarism is more than 20%, leads to rejection.

Article Retraction

Infringements of professional ethical codes, such as multiple submissions, bogus claims of authorship, plagiarism, and fraudulent use of data. Occasionally a retraction will be used to correct errors in submission or publication.