Submissions

Author Guidelines

The author of the correspondence must submit a manuscript online along with a covering letter. The journal will acknowledge the corresponding author within 72 hours of the manuscript's successful submission. Send an email to star@wgu.edu.et with any questions about preparing and submitting manuscripts to the journal.

English is the official language of the journal. The corresponding authors must affirm that they are submitting the manuscript on behalf of all authors. When the manuscript is accepted, copyright belongs to the publisher. The publisher will not return rejected manuscripts to the authors.

Manuscript Preparation 

1. Original Research Paper 

Prepare your papers in A4 (8.27" x 11.69") page size, Times New Roman font size 12, line spacing  1.15, and "Normal" margins. For all sections of the manuscript, the authors must strictly adhere to  the journal's proper format; refer to papers in recent issues for the general layout of the paper as  well as for details. 

A research paper typically should be in the following order 

1. Title 
2. Abstract and Keywords 
3. Introduction 
4. Materials and Methods 
5. Results

1 

6. Discussion 
7. Conclusion 
8. Acknowledgements (If any) 
9. References 
10. Tables and/or Figures 
11. Title page 

The first page should include the complete title of the manuscript, full names of all authors, their  affiliations, and addresses. The name and e-mail address of the corresponding author are also  mandatory. 

 You should use Times New Roman font with a bold size of 12, capitalize the first character  in each word, and center the title. Include the full names of the authors along with their affiliations  in your text. 

2. Abstract and keywords 

Present the objectives, methods, findings, and conclusions concisely in the abstract, which should  not exceed 200 words. The abstract page should contain a list of 4 to 6 keywords that are suitable  for indexing. Avoid using vague or overgeneralized terms. The abstract must be written in font  size 11 and italicized. 

3. Introduction 

State the work's goals and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey.  Include a description of the research area, pertinent background information, and the hypotheses  tested in the study. To identify the research gap, it is crucial to clearly state the problem statement,  the general aim, and the basic research questions. 

4. Materials and methods 

Materials and methods should include explicit, and concise descriptions of all methods or  procedures employed. Commonly used methods require only a citation of the original source. The  accuracy, reproducibility, reliability, etc. of the work are worth mentioning. You should clearly  explain the statistical tools used to analyze the data. A statement of necessary ethical approval  from the appropriate ethical committee must accompany the use of experimental animals or  human subjects. 

5. Results and discussion 

Results should be clear and concise. They should include experimental, qualitative, or quantitative  data, but not lengthy discussions of its relative significance. Presenting results in graphic or 

2 

tabular form, as opposed to discursively, facilitates reader comprehension. Avoid repeating data  in the text, tables, or figures when discussing the results. 

 The discussion explores the significance of the work's results without repeating them. A  combined results and discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid excessive citations and  discussions of published literature. This section links the results section to the current  understanding of the scientific problems under investigation in the field. This section should  include a comparison of other works in the field. This section also allows discussing the  significance of your results. This section should end with new answers or questions that arise as  a result of the findings. Lengthy discussion necessarily means a delay in accepting manuscripts  for publication. Write the discussion with a logical connection between the introduction and  conclusions. 

6. Conclusions 

You can present the study's conclusions concisely. This section should align with the study's  results and discussion, addressing the points raised in the abstract. 

7. Acknowledgements 

This section recognizes the individuals or organizations that provided help during the research  (e.g., providing funding, editing, writing assistance, proofreading, etc.). 

8. Competing Interests 

We request authors to disclose any interests directly or indirectly related to the work they submit  for publication. Disclosure of interests is a complete and transparent process that helps readers  form their own judgments of potential bias. 

9. Data availability statements 

Based on the study, data may be within the article or will be provided by the corresponding  author upon the reasonable request that should be declared. 

Funding (If any) 

Provide the source of the research grants (if any). 

10. Ethics approval - Research involving human participants, their data or biological material (if any) 

Authors should include a statement when reporting a study that involves human participants,  their data, or biological material. This statement should confirm approval (or exemption) from  the appropriate institutional and/or national research ethics committee, including the name of the  committee, and certify that the study adheres to the ethical standards outlined in the 1964  Declaration of Helsinki, its later amendments, or comparable standards. If doubt exists whether  the research was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration or comparable 

3 

standards, the authors must explain the reasons for their approach, and demonstrate that an  independent ethics committee or institutional review board explicitly approved the doubtful  aspects of the study. The manuscript should detail any exemptions from ethics approval granted  to the study, along with the reasons for such exemptions. 

11. References 

Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice  versa). We do not recommend including unpublished results and personal communications in the  text citations and reference list. The references should follow the standard APA 7 reference style.  We will not accept "Personal communication" as a reference. 

Format for Citing the References in Text 

Single author: 

Author's name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication. Parenthetical 

(Elangovan, 2023) 

Narrative 

Elangovan (2023) 

Two authors: 

Both authors' names and the year of publication; 

Three or more authors: 

First author's name followed by et al., and the year of publication. 

If the same author or authors published twice or more in the same year, citationsshould be included in the small alphabet at the end of the year. An example is given as follows, 

Parenthetical (Blondaux & Hanrahan, 2018a) ; (Blondaux & Hanrahan, 2018b) Narrative: Blondaux and Hanrahan (2018a); Blondaux and Hanrahan (2018b) In the Reference section, all the references should be listed in Alphabetical order (A - Z) Journal Articles 

Dheressa, M. A., Olana, T., & Bekele, E. (2023). The Effect of Task-Based Language Instruction on Shambu Secondary Students’ Speaking Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Benefits. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 11(4), 822-833. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v11i4.8811

4 

Organization as Author 

Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and proinsulin in participants with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension 679-86. 

Paper or Chapter in a Book 

Osawa, T. (1994). Novel natural antioxidants for utilization in food and biological systems. In: Uritani, I., Garcia, V.V. & Mendoza, E.M. (Eds.), Postharvest biochemistry of plant food materialsin the tropics. Tokyo, Japan: Japan Scientific Societies Press. pp. 241-251. Book by Authors 

Atta-ur-Rahman., Choudhary, M.I., Thomsen, 

W.J. (2001). Bioassay Techniques for Drug Development. Harwood Academic Publishers, The Netherlands. pp. 142–143. 

Thesis / Dissertation: 

Author, A. (Year). Title (Publication No. if present) (Doctoral dissertation/PhD thesis/Master's dissertation/Master's thesis), Institution Name, Country. 

Kelly, B. D. (2018). The Art of Coffee Roasting: Investigations into Sensor Development for  theApplication of Controlling Coffee Roasting ( PhD Thesis), The University of Waikato,  Hamilton,New Zealand. https://hdl.handle.net/10289/11614 

Patents 

Haga, T. (1976). Japan Patent No: 50-54628. 

Web Pages 

Include author, date, title, availability information, and accession date, if needed. URL of the siteshould be mentioned. 

Figures and Tables 

Figures and Tables should be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals, within the text at theappropriate place (Table description at the top and Figure description at the bottom). 

Tables 

✓ All tables are to be numbered using Arabic numerals. 

✓ You should always cite tables in text in consecutive numerical order. 

✓ Please provide a table caption (title) explaining the components of each table. ✓ Identify any previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference at the end of the Table caption. 

✓ To create tables, use the table function, not spreadsheets. Avoid creating tables by hand with  multiple spaces or tabs that contain no cells. 

✓ Mention the units within the cell.

5 

Tabe number and caption should be written as follows, Table 1 

Determination of speed 

1. No Distance 

(m) 

Time (s) 

Speed (ms-1) 

1 10 2 5 

2 9 3 3 

Figures 

✓ If a figure has multiple parts, arrange them sequentially and have a common caption. In a file,  illustrations should not be placed in table cells or grouped in a similar way. 

✓ The original files of illustrations should be submitted along with the manuscript. 

✓ Please label your figure files with "Figure" and the figure number. For example, label  Figure 1's caption as Figure1. Study area 

✓ Avoid adding shading or grids to the background. 

✓ Upload the images in JPEG format with more than 300dpi. 

✓ Trim the photographs and figures to eliminate any extraneous details. 

✓ Labels, numbers, and symbols should be clear and uniform. The lettering for figures should be  large enough to be legible after the column. 

✓ Symbols, arrows, or letters used in photomicrographs should contrast with the background and  should be marked neatly with transfer type. 

✓ Provide the numerical data on which graphs, scattergrams, or histograms are based when  submitting them. 

✓ If a figure has been published elsewhere, it is important to acknowledge the original source and  obtain written permission from the copyright holder for reproduction. This information should  be included in the legend for such figures. 

✓ The Journal reserves the right to crop, rotate, reduce, or enlarge the photographs to an acceptable size. 

1. Review Articles

The review articles should contain the best analysis of the previous research works' results. III. Correspondence (Letter to the Editor) 

Correspondence (letter to the editor) should be short and decisive observations. The Journal will  occasionally consider publishing letters to the editor from readers and authors in the 

6 

“Correspondence” section. Letters should provide concise comments and clarifications on  recently published articles in this journal. Preferably, the letters should relate to previously  published articles in the journal, and they should not be preliminary observations requiring  validation in a later paper. The letter can contain a maximum of 700 words, and a table can  typically have up to four authors. 

1. Short Communications

Short Communications includes completed projects of smaller scope, but may not be used for  preliminary publications of the data; therefore, the same material cannot be published elsewhere  as an original paper. The main body of these communications' text should be no more than 2,000  words long and without subheadings. Manuscripts should contain no more than 2 figures and/or  tables with a maximum of 15 references. They should have an abstract not exceeding 150 words  in length. Manuscripts normally occupy 4 journal pages. You should mention 2-4 keywords or  short phrases for indexing. Indicate the number of words used in the main body of the text. 

1. Case reports

Reports can include new, interesting, and rare cases. They should be unique, describing a  significant diagnostic or therapeutic challenge for the readers. We will prioritize cases with  clinical significance or implications. The manuscript could be of up to 1000 words (excluding  references and abstracts).  

 The headings for these communications should be as follows: 

Abstract (150 words), Key-words (3-5 words) Introduction, Case Report Discussion, Reference  (maximum 12) 

Proofs 

The corresponding author of an accepted manuscript will receive an e-mail notification and  complete instructions when page proofs are available for review via a secure website. At the page  proof stage, repetitive rephrasing of sentences or additions is not permitted. Only serious changes  in interpretation or data corrections should warrant alterations. Extensive or important changes  on page proofs, including changes to the list of authors or major changes to the title, are subject  to editorial review. The manuscript's corresponding author must ensure that all authors agree with  proof changes. Returning galley proofs within 48 hours of receipt guarantees the manuscript's  timely publication. Only the corresponding author should submit one set of galley corrections to  the STAR.

7 

Changing the Authorship 

This policy concerns the addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship  of accepted manuscripts. Before publishing the accepted manuscript in an online issue, the  corresponding author of the accepted manuscript must send requests to the Editor in Chief to add  or remove an author or rearrange the author names. These requests must include (a) a justification  for the addition or removal of the name, or the rearranging of the author names, and (b) written  confirmation (e-mail, fax, letter) from all authors indicating their agreement with the addition,  removal, or rearrangement. When adding or removing authors, the corresponding author must  confirm their consent. The Editor in Chief will forward requests not sent by the corresponding  author to the corresponding author, who must follow the above-described procedure. We suspend  the publication of the accepted manuscript in an online issue until we agree on authorship. 

Plagiarism Policy 

According to the Journal, plagiarism is considered a serious breach of scientific ethics. We are  using Turnitin plagiarism software. If the plagiarism is more than 30%, it leads to rejection. 

Article Retraction 

Professional ethical codes are violated by actions like multiple submissions, false claims of  authorship, plagiarism, and the fraudulent use of data. Occasionally, one will use a retraction to  rectify errors in submission or publication.