Soil Characteristics, Microbial Compostion of Plot, Leaf Count and Sprout Studies of Cocoyam (Colocasia Colocasia [Schott] and Xanthosoma [Schott], Araceae) Collected in Edo State, Southern Nigeria

Authors

  • Ogwu, M.C University of Benin
  • Osawaru, M.E University of Benin

Keywords:

Leaves, Sprout studies, Vegetable, Araceae, Nigeria, Cocoyam, Soil characteristics

Abstract

Cocoyam (Colocasia [Schott] and Xanthosoma [Schott]) belongs to the family Araceae and Alismatales order. The aim of this study is to collect cocoyam from the eighteen Local Government Areas (LGA) in Edo state and describe them based on leaf count and sprout percentage. Using random stratified sampling methods, cocoyam were collected. Field trials were conducted in the Experimental Garden, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology. The soil was subjected to analysis at the Soil Science Department, University of Benin to determine its characteristics and suitability for the growth of these arable crops.. The soil microbial count was 6.25 X 10 5 and 1.34 X 10 5 cfu/g for bacterial and fungi respectively. Phosphorus, potassium, manganese and copper were low, zinc and iron were moderate whereas soluble salts were high in the soil. Results of percentage sprout indicate accessions from Esan south east had highest percentage sprout of 92.0 % while accessions from Owan East had the lowest percentage sprout value of 33.3 %. Visible sprouting was observed beginning from seventh day after planting. Leaf count reveals varied levels of significance at P ≥ 0.5 from March to July. Highest mean count of 1.35±0.85 was obtained from Egor in March. In April, highest mean count of 5.42±2.00 was obtained from Esan North East and 8.58 ± 1.69 as highest mean count in May was obtained from Ovia North East. Owan West had the highest mean count in June and July with 14.50±2.84 and 15.50±1.76 respectively. This study suggests great amount of cocoyam diversity. Their leaves is an important vegetable which may be available all year round. The cocoyam accessions can sprout with minimum requirements. More investigation is required to elucidate their constituents of these uncommon vegetable.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

Ogwu, M.C, University of Benin

Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria

Osawaru, M.E, University of Benin

Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria

References

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). (2009). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society 161:105-121.

Awasthi, C.P. and Singh, A.B. (2000). Nutritional quality evaluation of edible leaves of some promising Colocasia and Alocasia collections. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research 34(2): 117-121.

Baker, R.D. (2013). Soil Analysis: A key to soil nutrient management. New Mexico State University Board of Regents. Accessed online from [http://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/_a/A137/welcome.html]

Barnett, H L. and Hunter, B.B. (1998). Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi. Fourth Edition. Aps Press, USA. 218p.

Bouyocos, G. H. (1951) A recalibration of the hydrometer for making mechanical analysis of soils. Agronomy Journal 43: 434-438

Boyce, P.C., Sulaiman, B. and Lintong, J. (2002). Araceae of the Crocker Range National Park Sabah: a preliminary survey, checklist and generic key. ASEAN Review of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation (ARBEC) 1. http://www.arbec.com.my/pdf/art4julysep02.pdf

Castro, G. (2006). Studies on cocoyam (Xanthosoma spp) in Nicaragua, with emphasis on dasheen mosaic virus. PhD Thesis-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, pp. 7-8.

Cheema, M.U.A. (2010). Dormancy and sprout control in root and tuber crops. PhD Thesis, University of Greenwich. 227p

Chen, H.H., Li, W.J., Tang, S.K., Kroppenstedt, R.M., Stackebrandt, E., Xu, L.H., Jiang C.L. (2004). Corynebacterium halotolerans sp. Nov., isolated from saline soil in the west of China. International Journal of Systematics and Evolutionary Microbiology 54(3):779-82.

Cowan, S.T. (1974). Cowan and Steel’s manual for the identification of medical bacteria. Second Edition.

Cambridge University Press. 678p

de-Lomas, J.D., Dana, E.D. and Ceballos, G. (2012). First report of an invading population of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott in the Iberian Peninsula. BioInvasions Records 1(2): 139-143

Domsch, K. H. and Gams, W. (1970). Pilze aus Agrarboden.

Gustav Fischer, Germany. 571p

Domsch, K.M., Gams, W. and Anderson, T. (1993). Compendium of Soil Fungi. Volume 1, Second Edition. Academic Press, London. 860 pp.

Ekanem, A., Osuji, J. (2006). Mitotic index studies on edible cocoyam. African Journal of Biotechnology 5: 846-849.

Gill, L.S. (1988). Taxonomy of Flowering Plants. Onitsha African Fep Publication, Nigeria. 338p.

Giniger, M. (2007). Cloning and expression of endoglucanase genes from Trichoderma Species in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MSc. Thesis Submitted to the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. 82p

Green, O.B. and Oguzor, C. (2009). Application of biosystematic and nutritional parameters in the Delimitation of Family Araceae. African Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 1(1-2): 44-48.

Gupta, M., Manisha, K. and Grover, R. (2012). Effect of various media types on the rate of growth of Aspergillus niger. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 2(2): 141-144

Hamadina, E. I. (2012). Origin of vines, feeder roots and tubers in Yam (Dioscorea spp.): The tuber head or the primary nodal complex? Nigerian Journal of Agriculture Food and Environment, 8(1):67-72

Hardy, D.H., Tucker, M.R., Stokes, C. (2013). Understanding the Soil Test Report. N.C. Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Agronomic Division. Miscellaneous Publication. 10p.

Herrera, E. (2000). Soil Test Interpretations Guide A-122. New Mexico State University Board of Regents. [http://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/_a/A122/] at 23:17hrs GMT

Hill, G.T., Mitkowski, N.A., Aldrich-Wolfe, L., Emele, L.R., Jurkonie, D.D., Ficke, A., Maldonado-Ramirez, S., Lynch,

S.T. and Nelson, E.B. (2000). Methods for assessing the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities. Applied Soil Ecology 15: 25-36.

Holt, J.G., Krieg, N.R., Sneath, P.H.A., Staley, J.T., Williams,

S.T. (1994). Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Ninth Edition. Williams and Wilkins. 561p.

Hoorman, J.J. and Islam, R. (2010). Understanding soil microbes & nutrient Recycling. Fact Sheet for Agriculture and Natural Resources. Ohio State University Extension SAG- 16-10. 5p.

Huang, C.C., Chen, W.C., Wang, C.C.R. (2007) Comparison of Taiwan paddy & upland cultivated taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) cultivars for nutritive values. Food Chemistry 102: 250-256.

Janseens, M. (2001). Crop production in tropical Africa. Bonn, Germany: Institut fur obstund germusebau, abt. Tropicscher pflanzenbau, rheinische friedrich-wilhelms- Universitat Bonn, auf dem hugel 6, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Directorate general for international co- operation, karmelietenstraat 15, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium, pp. 221-228.

Juo, A.S.R. and Franzluebba, K. (2003). Tropical Soils: Properties and Management for Sustainable Agriculture. Matthews, P. J. (2010). Earliest uses and cultivation of taro. In: Rao, R. V., Matthews, J. P., Eyzaguirre, P.B. and Hunter, D, (eds). The Global Diversity of Taro Ethnobotany and Conservation. Bioversity International,

Rome, Italy. 6-8pp.

Mwenye, O.J. (2009). Genetic diversity analysis and nutritional assessment of cocoyam genotypes in Malawi. MSc thesis report University of the Free State Bloemfontein, South Africa. Pp 1- 75.

Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watnab, F.S. and Decan, L.A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soil by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. US Department of Agriculture. 939p

Olson, M. (2013). Araceae: the arum family. Spring 2013 update. Available online as a pdf through www.google.com/search/ araceae_1.pdf

Onwueme, I. (1978). The tropical tuber crops: Yams, cassava, sweet potato and cocoyams. John Wiley and Sons, pp. 199-225.

Osawaru M.E. and Ogwu, M.C. (2014). Ethnobotany and Germplasm Collection of Two Genera of Cocoyam (Colocasia [Schott] and Xanthosoma [Schott], Araceae) in Edo State Nigeria. Science Technology and Arts Research Journal 3(3): 23-28

Panneerselvam, R. and Jaleel, C.A. (2008). Starch and sugar conversion in Dioscorea esculenta tubers and Curcuma longa rhizomes during storage. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 6(2): 151-160.

Purseglove, J.W. (1972). Tropical crops: Monocotyledons.

Longman, London. Pp 58-75.

Rao, R. V., Hunter, D., Eyzaguirre, P. B., Matthews, J. P. (2010). Ethnobotany and global diversity of taro. In: Rao, R.V., Matthews, J.P., Eyzaguirre, PB, and Hunter,

D. (eds). The Global Diversity of Taro Ethnobotany and Conservation. Bioversity International, Rome, Italy. 1-5pp

Ravi, V., Ravindran, C.S. and Suja, G. (2009). Growth and Productivity of Elephant Foot Yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst. Nicolson): an Overview. Journal of Root Crops 35(2): 131-142.

Oxford University Press. USA. 56p.

Remison, S.U. (2005). Arable and Vegetable Crops of the Tropics. Gift Print Associates: Benin City, 248p.

Sankaram, A. (1996). A laboratory manual for agricultural chemistry. Asia Publishing House, New Delhi, India. 340p.

Seetohul, S., Puchooa, D. and Ranghoo-Sanmukhiya, V. M. (2008). Genetic Improvement of Taro (Colocasia esculenta var esculenta) through in-vitro mutagenesis. University of Mauritius Research Journal 13A: 1-11.

Self, J. R. (2010). Soil Test Explanation. Colorado State University Extension. Accessed online from [http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/crops/00502.html]

Serviss, E.B., McDaniel, T.S. and Bryson, T.C. (2000). Occurrence, distribution and ecology of Alocasia, Caladium, Colocasia and Xanthosoma (Araceae) in the Southeastern United States. SIDA 19(1): 149-174.

Ugwuoke, K.I., Onyeke, C.C. and Tsopmbeng, N.G.R. (2008). The efficacy of botanical protectants in the storage of Cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott). Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Food, Environment and Extension 7(2): 93 -98.

Valenzuela, F. H., O’Hair, S. K. and Schaffer, B. (1991) Shading, Growth and Dry-matter Partitioning of Cocoyam [Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott]. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science 116(6):1117- 1121.

van der Heijden, M.G.A., Bardgett. R. D. and van Straalen, N.

M. (2008). The unseen majority: soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. Ecology Letters 11: 296-301.

Williams, C., Chew, W. and Rajaratnam, J. (1982). Cocoyam. In: Payne, W, (ed.). Tropical and field crops of the wetter regions of the tropics. Longman, pp. 210-211.

Downloads

Published

30.03.2015

How to Cite

M.C, O., & M.E, O. (2015). Soil Characteristics, Microbial Compostion of Plot, Leaf Count and Sprout Studies of Cocoyam (Colocasia Colocasia [Schott] and Xanthosoma [Schott], Araceae) Collected in Edo State, Southern Nigeria. Journal of Science, Technology and Arts Research, 4(1), 34–44. Retrieved from https://journals.wgu.edu.et/index.php/star/article/view/154

Issue

Section

Original Research

Categories

Plaudit