Factors Associated with Attitudes of Men towards Gender and Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Eastern Ethiopia
A Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4314/star.v4i4.13Keywords:
Attitudes, Gender, Violence, Childhood, MenAbstract
Intimate partner violence against women can occur between people in an intimate relationship mostly in gender inequitable society. The attitudes of men towards gender and violence against women is receiving increasing attention. Thus, this study was aimed at determining the attitudes and experiences of men towards gender and violence against women in Boset Wereda, East Ethiopia. A cross-sectional population based household survey was conducted between April, 1 and May, 15, 2015 using quantitative data collection method. Systematic random sampling was used to select a sample of 420 ever partnered men. The collected data was principally analyzed using Multinomial Logistic Regression by SPSS version 21. Overall, childhood exper ence for any form of violence was witnessed by 87.6% of men. The vast majorities (98.8%) of men ever perpetrated any form of violence against their wife. Almost all (99.1%) men agreed to at least one of the gender inequitable statements and few (1.0%) agreed to non of the gender inequitable statement. Higher age of men (RRR, 2.56; 95%CI,1.39-4.71 and RRR, 2.09; 95%CI, 1.18-3.71), higher income (RRR, 2.63; 95%CI, 1.00-6.93), witnessing childhood sexual violence (RRR, 3.03; 95%CI, 1.32-6.96 and RRR, 3.14; 95%CI, 1.45-6.82), and ever perpetrated physical intimate partner violence (RRR, 1.60; 95%CI, 1.21-7.01 and RRR, 1.56; 95%CI, 1.12-19.79 were associated with gender equitable men in both first and second fertiles. High prevalence of witnessing childhood violence and ever perpetration of any form of violence against wife/partners were observed. Nearly all of the men agreed to at least one of the gender inequitable statements. Higher age and higher income, witnessing sexual violence during childhood and ever perpetrated physical violence against their wife increases the risk of having lower gender equitable men. Interventions targeting parents or guardians should be instituted, and education should target to shape children during their early.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Abeya, S., Afework, M. and Yalew, A. (2011). Intimate partner violence against women in western Ethiopia: prevalence, patterns, and associated factors. BMC Public Health 11: 913.
Abeya, S., Afework, M., and Yalew, A. (2012). Intimate partner violence against women in west Ethiopia: a qualitative study on attitudes, woman’s response, and
suggested measures as perceived by community members. Reproductive Health 9:14.
Akin, A. and Demirel, S. (2003). Concept of gender and its effects on health. Cumhuriyet Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Dergisi Halk Sagligi Ozel Eki 25(4): 73-82.
Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis.
Oxford, England: Prentice Hall.
Barker, G. (2000). Gender equitable boys in a gender inequitable world: Reflections from qualitative research and program development with young men in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sexual and Relationship Therapy 15(3): 263-282.
Barker, G., Contreras, J.M., Heilman, B., Singh, AK., Verma, RK. and Nascimento, M. (2011). Evolving Men: Initial Results from the International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES). Washington, D.C.: International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) and Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Promundo.
Berhane, Y. (2004). Ending Domestic violence against women in Ethiopia. Ethiopia Journal of Health Development 18(3): 131-132.
Boset (2006). Boset district health admnistration annual report.
Contreras, M., Heilman, B., Barker, G., Singh, A., Verma, R. and Bloomfield, J. (2012). Bridgesto Adulthood: Understanding the Lifelong Influence of Men’s Childhood Experiences of Violence Analyzing Data from the International Men and Gender Equality Survey. Washington, DC: International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) and Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Promundo.
Ellsberg, M. and Heise, L. (2001). Researching domestic violence against women: Methodological and ethical considerations. Stud Fam Plann 32(1): 1-16.
Flood, M. and Pease, B. (2006). The Factors Influencing Community Attitudes in Relation to Violence Against Women: A Critical Review of the Literature. Melbourne: Victorian Health Promotion Foundation.
Flood, M. and Pease, B. ( 2009). Factors influencing attitudes to violence against women. Trauma, Violence and Abuse 10(2): 125-142.
Fulu, E., Warner, X., Miedema, S., Jewkes, R., Roselli, T., and Lang. J. (2013). Why do some Men Use Violence Against Women and How Can We Prevent It? Quantitative findings from the United Nations Multi- country study on Men and Violence in Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok: UNDP, UNFP, UN Women and UNV.
Glantz, S. and Slinker, B. (2001). Applied regression and analysis of variance. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Heise, L., Pena, R., Agurto, S.and Winkvist, A.(1995). Sexual Coercion and Reproductive Health: A Focus on Research. New York, Population Council.
Hoff, B. (2012). National Study: More Men than Women Victims of Intimate Partner Physical Violence, Psychological Aggression. Men Web on-line Journal (http://www.batteredmen.com/NISVS.htm).
Jeyaseelan, L., Kumar, N., Neelakantan, A., Peedicayil, R., Pillai, N. and Duvvury. (2007). Physical spousal violence against women in India: Some risk factors. Journal of Biosocial Science 39(5): 657-70.
Kimberly, A. and Mahafy, K. (2002). The gendering of adolescents’ childbearing and educational plans:
Reciprocal effects and the in$uence of social context. Sex Roles 46(11/12): 403-417.
Koenig, M.A., Stephenson, S., Ahmed, S.J., Jejeebhoy., Campbell, J. (2006). Individual and contextual determinants of domestic violence in North India. American Journal of Public Health 96(1): 132-8.
Kress, H., Noonanb, R., Freire, K., Marr, A., and Olson, A. (2012). Top 20 violence and injury practice innovations since 1992. Journal of Safety Research 43(4):257-263.
Michael, S. (2002). Gender Symmetry” in Domestic Violence. A Substantive and Methodological Research Review. Violence Against Women 11(8): 1332-1363.
Pinheiro, P. (2006). World Report on Violence against children. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Secretary General .
Pulerwitz, J. and Barker, G. (2008). Measuring attitudes toward gender norms among young men in Brazil: Development and psychometric evaluation of the GEM Scale. Men and Masculinities 10: 322-338.
Ruchira, T.N., Hamidul, H., Subrina, F., and Muhammad,
M.R. (2011). Men’s Attitudes and Practices regarding Gender and Violence against Women in Bangladesh: Preliminary findings.
Stith, S.M., Rosen, K.H., Middleton, K.A., Busch, A.L., Lundeberg, K. and Carlton, R.P. (2000). The intergenerational transmission of spouse abuse: A meta- analysis. Journal of Marriage and the Family 62: 640-654.
UN (2013). Making Women Count. An Annual Publication on Gender and Evaluation by UN Women Multi Country Office for India, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Maldives. Available at : http://www.unwomensouthasia.org.
WHO (2000). World Health Organization. WHO Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence: core questionnaire and WHO instrument, version 9. World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland.
WHO (2005). World Health Organization (WHO) multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence against women: initial results on prevalence, health outcomes and women’s responses, Geneva, Switzerland.
Wigglesworth, A., Niner, S., Arunachalam, D., Dos, S., Abel, B., and Tilman, M. (2015). Attitudes and Perceptions of Young Men towards Gender Equality and Violence in Timor-Leste. Journal of International Women's Studies 16(2): 312-329.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Journal of Science, Technology and Arts Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
STAR © 2023 Copyright; All rights reserved
