Reciprocal increase of malaria parasitaemia, S.mansoni egg count and anemia in malaria-Schistosomiasis mansoni co-infected individuals in Fincha Sugar Estate, western Ethiopia
Keywords:
Anemia, co-morbidity, co-infection, Finchaa Sugar Estate, Plasmodium .falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Schistosoma mansoniAbstract
In Ethiopia where malaria parasite and Schistosoma mansoni infections are co endemic, the general population is quite vulnerable both to malaria and Schistosoma mansoni infections singly and concomitantly. However, data about the prevalence of malaria- Schistosoma mansoni co-infection and their reciprocal parasitological and clinical effects are lacking.The aim of this study was to assess the reciprocal effects of malaria- Schistosoma mansoni co- infections with emphasis on parasitological and clinical interactions. A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Finchaa Sugar Estate, western Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected by finger pricking and thick and thin smears stained with Giemsa. Fresh stool samples were collected and processed by the Kato-Katz method. Hemoglobin level was determined using a portable spectrophotometer.SPSS statistical software version 20 was used and P-value <0.05 was reported as statistically significant.The overall prevalence of parasite infections were: malaria (28.15%), Schistosoma mansoni (27.90%), malaria- Schistosoma mansoni co-infections (12.10%) and other intestinal helminths (11.85%).Among the total of 810 study participants, 452 (55.81%) harbored at least one parasitic infection and 358 (44.20%) had none of the investigated parasitic infections. Malaria parasite density increased with increasing infection intensity of S. mansoni and also S. mansoni parasite densities increased with increasing malaria parasite infection intensities. Increased risk of anemia (mean Hb=11.71) was significantly associated with malaria (P=0.001), Schistosoma mansoni (P=0.002) and malaria- Schistosoma mansoni co-infection (P=0.000).Malaria-Schistosoma mansoni co-infection was a significant factor for decrease in Hemoglobin levels when compared with mono-infections. The findings of this study showed that malaria-schistosomiasis mansoni co- infected individuals had an increased parasite density, infection intensities and anemia, reciprocally.
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