Prevalence of Tuberculosis, Case Detection Rate, TB-HIV Co-Infection and Treatment Outcome of Patients Attending Health Care Facilities in Nekemte Town, Western Ethiopia

Abstract

Tuberculosis is one of the major public health problems wide spread worldwide. The problem is worse in Africa where our country Ethiopia is found. The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of all TB cases in the study area, those co- infected with HIV and the treatment outcome of those attended Directly Observed Therapy Short Course service in the three government health care facilities found in Nekemte town in relation to Millennium Development Goals. A retrospective cross-sectional study design based on document analysis of TB Registry Unit of the patients found in the TB Center was used. The study revealed that there were 1,246TB cases registered on the TB Registry units in the five years (2010/11-2014/15) period of the study. Out of these cases 644 (51.7%) were males and 602(48.3%) females. The CDR during the five years in the study area was (38.9%). The prevalence of TB/HIV co -infection in the study area was (18.7 %). Results for treatment outcome showed an overall treatment success rate of 85.5%. The case detection rate (38.9%) for smear positive PTB, was very low compared to Global target of (70%) by 2015 and still lower than the National detection rate of (62%) achievement. The prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection (18.7%) was higher to national prevalence (11%) that requires a collaborative activity of TB and HIV control program. The treatment success rate of this study has met the global target of (85%) by2015, but is lower to the national achievement of (91%), suggesting an improvement. The finding of this study showed that presence of a gender difference in TB prevalence among the sexes, that may need gender-based intervention.