Elemental Analysis and Biological Activities of Chrysophyllum roxburghii G. Don (Sapotaceae) Leaves
Keywords:
Chrysophyllum, Dental caries, Agar well diffusion, Antioxidant, Pancreatic lipase, LethalityAbstract
The present study was performed to estimate elementals and to determine bioactivities namely anticariogenic, antioxidant, pancreatic lipase inhibitory and cytotoxic activity of Chrysophyllum roxburghii leaves. Elemental analysis revealed that calcium and manganese were present in high concentration among principal and trace elements respectively. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids and terpenoids in the extract. Total phenolic content was found to be 179.05mg Gallic acid equivalents/g of extract. The methanol extract caused a dose dependent inhibition of Streptomyces mutans isolates. All the isolates tested were found to be sensitive to extract. In DPPH assay, the extract exhibited marked dose dependent scavenging activity against DPPH free radical with an IC50 value of 3.54μg/ml. In Ferric reducing assay, the absorbance of the reaction mixture was found to increase with the concentration of extract which is suggestive of reducing power. The activity of chicken pancreatic lipase was affected by the extract and the effect was concentration dependent. Higher inhibition of enzyme (>50%) was observed at extract concentration 50mg/ml. In cytotoxic study, the lethality was found to be directly proportional to extract concentration. Highest mortality (>80%) of shrimps was observed at extract concentration 1000µg/ml. LC50 of extract was 83.04µg/ml. The bioactivities of the extract could be attributed to the presence of secondary metabolites in the plant material. The plant material could be used as a source of important elements required for the body. In suitable form, the plant could be used in the prevention and treatment of dental caries, oxidative damage,
obesity and cancer.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Acharyya, B.K., Sharma, H.K. (2004). Folklore medicinal plants of Mahmora area, Sivasagar district, Assam. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 3(4): 365-372.
Almeida, A.A.P., Naghetini, C.C., Santos, V.R., Antonio, A.G., Farah, A., Gloria, M.B.A. (2012). Influence of natural coffee compounds, coffee extracts and increased levels of caffeine on the inhibition of Streptococcus mutans. Food Research International 49: 459-461.
Barthakur, N.N., Arnold, N.P. (1991). A chemical analysis of the Indian star apple (Chrysophyllum roxburghii) fruit. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 4(4): 354-359.
Birari, R.B., Bhutani, K.K. (2007). Pancreatic lipase inhibitors from natural sources: unexplored potential. Drug Discovery Today 12: 879-889.
Bondent, V., Brand-Williams, W., Bereset, C. (1997). Kinetic and mechanism of antioxidant activity using the DPPH
free radical methods. Lebensmittel Wissenschaft Technologie 30: 609-615.
Brighenti, F.L., Gaetti-Jardim, E., Danelon, M., Evangelista, G.V., Delbem, A.C.B. (2012). Effect of Psidium cattleianum leaf extract on enamel demineralisation and dental biofilm composition in situ. Archives of Oral Biology 57: 1034-1040.
Chandrika, U.G., Jansz, E.R., Warnasuriya, N.D. (2005). Identification and HPLC quantification of carotenoids of the fruit pulp of Chrysophyllum roxburghii. Journal of National Foundation Sri Lanka 33(2): 93-98.
Chang, H., Ho, Y., Sheu, M., Lin, Y., Tseng, M., Wu, S., Huang, G., Chang, Y. (2007). Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Phellinus merrillii extracts. Botanical Studies 48: 407-417.
Chung, Y., Chien, C., Teng, K., Chou, S. (2006). Antioxidative and mutagenic properties of Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb and zucc. Food Chemistry 97: 418-425.
Dzidic, S., Suskovic, J., Kos, B. (2008). Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Bacteria: Biochemical and Genetic Aspects. Food Technology and Biotechnology 46(1): 11- 21.
Fani, M.M., Kohanteb, J., Dayaghi, M. (2007). Inhibitory activity of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on multidrug- resistant Streptococcus mutans. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 25(4): 164-168.
Ferrazzano, G.F., Amato, I., Ingenito, A., De Natale, A., Pollio, A. (2009). Anticariogenic effects of polyphenols from plant stimulant beverages (cocoa, coffee, tea). Fitoterapia 80: 255-262.
George, N.J., Obot, J.B., Ikot, A.N., Akpan, A.E., Obi-Egbedi,N.O. (2010). Phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of leaves of Alchonea cordifolia. E-Journal of Chemistry 7(3): 1071-1079.
Guimaraes, A.R.D., Peres, M.A., Vieira, R.S., Ferreira, R.M., Ramos-Jorge, M.L., Apolinario, S., Debom, A. (2006). Self-perception of side effects by adolescents in a chlorhexidine-fluoridebased preventive oral health program. Journal of Applied Oral Science 14(4): 291-296.
Hinneburg, I., Dorman, D.H.J., Hiltunen, R. (2006). Antioxidant activities of extracts from selected culinary herbs and spices. Food Chemistry 97: 122-129.
Hossain, A.M., Ferdous, T., Salehuddin, S.M., Das, A.K. (2009). In vitro cytotoxicity (LC50) of extracts obtained from the seeds of Zea mays. Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry 2(3): 336-34.
Hsu, B., Coupar, I.M., Ng, K. (2006). Antioxidant activity of hot water extract from the fruit of the Doum palm, Hyphaene thebaica. Food Chemistry 98: 317-328.
Jayaprakasha, G.K., Singh, R.P., Sakariah, K.K. (2001). Antioxidant activity of grape seed (Vitis vinifera) extracts on peroxidation models in vitro. Food Chemistry 73: 285- 290.
Jose, S., Beegum, G.R.J. (2007). In vitro susceptibility of viridans streptococci to leaf extracts of Mangifera indica. Indian Journal of Microbiology 47: 160-163.
Junaid, S., Rakesh, K.N., Dileep, N., Poornima, G., Kekuda, P.T.R., Mukunda, S. (2013). Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of seed extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa L. Chemical Science Transactions 2(1): 75-80.
Kar, A., Bora, D., Borthakur, S.K., Goswami, N.K., Saharia,D. (2013). Wild edible plant resources used by the Mizos
of Mizoram, India. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 9(1): 106-126.
Katalinic, V., Milos, M., Kulisic, T., Jukic, M. (2006). Screening of 70 medicinal plant extracts for antioxidant capacity and total phenols. Food Chemistry 94: 550-557.
Kekuda, P.T.R., Manasa, M., Poornima, G., Abhipsa, V., Rekha, C., Upashe, S.P., Raghavendra, H.L. (2013). Antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant potential of Vitex negundo var. negundo and Vitex negundo var. purpurascens- A comparative study. Science Technology and Arts Research Journal 2(3): 59-68.
Kekuda, P.T.R., Raghavendra, H.L., Surabhi, K.S., Preethi, H.R., Swarnalatha, S.P. (2010). Cytotoxic activity of methanol extract of Abrus pulchellus Wall (Fabaceae) leaves. Biomedicine 30(3): 377-379.
Kekuda, P.T.R., Raghavendra, H.L., Swathi, D., Venugopal, T.M., Vinayaka, K.S. (2012a). Antifungal and cytotoxic activity of Everniastrum cirrhatum (Fr.) Hale. Chiang Mai Journal of Science 39(1); 2012: 76-83.
Kekuda, P.T.R., Shobha, K.S., Onkarappa, R. (2011). Pancreatic lipase Inhibitory and cytotoxic potential of a Streptomyces species isolated from Western Ghat soil, Agumbe, Karnataka, India. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Archives 2(3): 932-937.
Kekuda, P.T.R., Raghavendra, H.L., Vinayaka, K.S. (2012b). Cytotoxic activity of Croton gibsonianus Nimm. Grah. Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal 1(1): 57- 59.
Kim, S., Jeong, S., Park, W., Nam, K.C., Ahn, D.U., Lee, S. (2006). Effect of heating conditions of grape seeds on the antioxidant activity of grape seed extracts. Food Chemistry 97: 472-479.
Kumar, A.H.S., Bopanna, M.M., Gowda, S.T., Jenifer, R.R., Somanna, S.H. (2010). Anti-lipase activity of ethyl acetate extract of Terminalia bellerica Roxb. seeds. Research and Reviews in Biomedicine and Biotechnology 1(1): 60-63.
Kumar, A.H.S., Kekuda, P.T.R., Vinayaka, K.S., Swathi, D., Venugopal, T.M. (2011). Anti-obesity (Pancreatic lipase inhibitory) activity of Everniastrum cirrhatum (Fr.) Hale (Parmeliaceae). Pharmacognosy Journal 3(19): 65-68.
Luis, C.J., Zairo, L.H., Pillar, P., Naira, D.G. (2002). A comparison between two brine shrimp assay to detect in vitro cytotoxicity in marine natural products. BMC Biotechnology 2(17): 1-5.
Mallikarjun, N., Venugopal, T.M., Suchitha, Y., Swathi, D., Kekuda, P.T.R., Vinayaka, K.S. (2011). Antibacterial activity of Chrysophyllum roxburghii G. Don Gen (Sapotaceae) leaves. Research and Reviews in Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2(1and2): 25-27.
Mallikarjuna, P.B., Rajanna, L.N., Seetharam, Y.N., Sharanabasappa, G.K. (2007). Phytochemical studies of Strychnos potatorum L.- A medicinal plant. E-Journal of Chemistry 4(4): 510-518.
Mohamed, A.A., Ali, S.I., El-Baz, F.K. (2013). Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of crude extracts and essential oils of Syzygium cumini Leaves. PLoS ONE 8(4): e60269.
Moreno, D.A., Ilic, N., Poulev, A., Brasaemle, D.L., Fried, S.K., Raskin, I. (2003). Inhibitory effects of grape seed extract on lipases. Nutrition 19:876-879.
Narotzki, B., Reznick, A.Z., Aizenbud, D., Levy, Y. (2012). Green tea: A promising natural product in oral health. Archives of Oral Biology 57: 429-435.
Raghavendra, H.L., Kekuda, P.T.R., Valleesha, N.C., Sudharshan, S.J., Chinmaya, A. (2010). Screening for cytotoxic activity of methanol extract of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall (Euphorbiaceae) seeds. Phamacognosy Journal 2(10): 335-337.
Ramachandran, V.S. (2007). Wild edible plants of the Anamalais, Coimbatore district, western Ghats, Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 6(1): 173- 176.
Ramaswamy, S.N., Rao, R.M., Govindappa, D.A. (2001). Flora of Shimoga district, Karnataka. Prasaranga University of Mysore, Mysore, pp 340.
Rekha, C., Poornima, G., Manasa, M., Abhipsa, V., Devi, P.J., Kumar, V.H.T., Kekuda, P.T.R. (2012). Ascorbic acid, total phenol content and antioxidant activity of fresh juices of four ripe and unripe Citrus fruits. Chemical Science Transactions 1(2): 303-310.
Sarangi, R.K., Kathiresan, K., Subramanian, A.N. (2002). Metal concentrations in five mangrove species of Bhitarkanika, Orissa, east coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 31(3): 251-253.
Shi, Y., Burn, P. (2004). Lipid metabolic enzymes: emerging drug targets for the treatment of obesity. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 3: 695–710.
Soetan, K.O., Olaiya, C.O., Oyewole. (2010). The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants: A review. African Journal of Food Science 4(5): 200-222.
Stoilova, I., Krastanov, A., Stoyanova, A., Denev, P., Gargova, S. (2007). Antioxidant activity of a ginger extract (Zingiber officinale). Food Chemistry 102: 764-770
Vinayaka, K.S., Kekuda, P.T.R., Kumar, R.K.A., Pavithra, G.M., Junaid, S., Rakesh, K.N., Dileep, N. (2013). Analysis of mineral elements of the lichen Usnea pictoides G. Awasthi by ICP-OES. International Journal of Chemical Sciences 11(3): 1589-1594.
Vivek, M.N., Manasa, M., Pallavi, S., Swamy, S.H.C., Kekuda, P.T.R. (2013). Antibacterial potential of Cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) juice against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal 2(3): 144-146.
Wojdylo, A., Oszmianski, J., Czemerys, R. (2007). Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs. Food Chemistry 105: 940-949.
Yamamoto, M., Shimura, S., Itoh, Y., Ohsaka, T., Egawa, M., Inoue, S. (2000). Anti-obesity effects of lipase inhibitor CT-II, an extract from edible herbs, Nomame Herba, on rats fed a high-fat diet. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 24(6): 758-764.
Yuan, Y.V., Bone, D.E., Carrington, M.F. (2005). Antioxidant activity of dulse (Palmaria palmata) extract evaluated in vitro. Food Chemistry 91: 485-494.
Yun, J.W. (2010). Possible anti-obesity therapeutics from nature – A review. Phytochemistry 71: 1625-1641.
Zhang, J., Kang, M., Kim, M., Kim, M., Song, J., Lee, Y., Kim,
J. (2008). Pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of taraxacum officinale in vitro and in vivo. Nutrition Research and Practice 2(4): 200-203.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Journal of Science, Technology and Arts Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
STAR © 2023 Copyright; All rights reserved
