Dynamics of the Oromo-Gumuz Relations and its Implications in Western Ethiopia (1880-2008)

Abstract

This study attempted to examine how the Oromo and the Gumuz peoples used to maintain ethnic solidarity and coexistence through their local institutions and the roles of actors in changing the modes of interactions in western Ethiopia. Data for the study were obtained from informants, archives, and secondary sources. The study argues that inter-ethnic relations in western Ethiopia cannot be understood separately from the political context at the centre and local actors. It explains that although the peoples' used to cooperate even under rising ethnic politics, actors’ interventions and the subsequent reconfigurations of economic, social, and political relations deteriorated the existing harmonious relations. Beginning in the late 20th century, the shift of the region into a centre for large-scale agriculture and settlement, as well as population increases, brought changes in friendship. Finally, ethnically framed conflicts of the last two decades and the breakup of long-existing social relations and economic interdependence in favour of actors’ interests have created wider insecurity in people's elationships. Thus, there is an urgent need to limit actors’ intervention, revitalise local institutions, and strengthen resource governance to rebuild trust and harmony among the people in the region.