On-Farm Farm Diversity and Genetic Erosion of Tetraploid Wheat Landraces in Ambo and Dandi Districts, West Shewa, Ethiopia

Abstract

The aim of the study was to document nt wheat landraces that were and still grown in Ambo and Dandi districts, West Shewa, Ethiopia; and to investigate the extent of genetic loss and its causes. Survey was carried out in three Peasant Associations of Ambo District and four Peasant Associations of Dandi District from 2007 to 2008. Three to five farmers’ group per Peasant Association containing 5 to 12 individual farmers per group were used for group discussions from September er to December December, 2007; and a survey in 90 households was conducted using semi-structured structured questionnaire prepared by researcher from August to October 2008. In total 20 diverse tetraploid wheat landraces were identified in the study areas. However, presently 4 to 5 landraces are cultivated. Genetic erosion erosi was 75% and 62% in Ambo and Dandi district, respectively. The landraces differ concerning morphology, adaptation and end-uses. uses. Some landraces exhibit broad adaptation that enables them to be cultivated in a wider area over different districts. Specific adaptation to various soil conditions, e.g. water logging and poor soil fertility, and short rainy season play key roles for the predominant cultivation of specific landraces over others in sensitive environmen environments. Preferences for end-use use products and market prices also display major impacts on the continuous cultivation of tetraploid wheat. The causes for the loss of landraces varieties were expansion of improved bread wheat varieties, low soil fertility and poo poor yield of the landraces, and shorter rainy season. Among the available varieties, kamadi-Dima, is predominantly grown in both districts, due to its higher price in the market for its brewing quality. Diverse farmers’ indigenous knowledge supported continued continu cultivation and conservation of landrace varieties.