Author Guideline

Manuscript must be submitted with a covering letter from the author of correspondence to the Editor in Chief by e-mail. After the successful submission of manuscript the corresponding author will be acknowledged within 72 hours. Any quarry regarding the preparation & submission of manuscript to the journal should be address via contact us form or through e- mail.

English is the official language of the journal. Original Research Articles not previously published and not being considered for publication elsewhere only should be submitted. Corresponding authors must be declared that the manuscript is submitted on behalf of all authors. Copyright belongs to the publisher upon acceptance of the manuscript. Rejected manuscript will not be returned to the authors. Submission of a manuscript signifies acceptance of journal's guidelines for authors.

Manuscript Preparation

I.            Original Research Paper

Papers should be in English and be prepared in A4 (8.27" X 11.69") page size, using standard fonts with size of 12, with double-spacing, and margins of at least 1" (2.5cm) all around. All pages numbered starting from the title page. Lines should be numbered in the margins with a continuous numbering from the start of the manuscript. Times New Roman fonts must be used and remain uniform throughout the text. The authors must strictly adhere to the proper format of the Journal for all sections of the manuscript; refer to papers in recent issues for the general layout of the paper and also for details. For authors whose native language is not English, the AFNR Journal strongly recommends brushing up the English of the manuscript by consulting an English-speaking scientist before submission to avoid delays in receiving and processing of the manuscript.

A research paper typically should include in the following order

    1. Title
    2. Abstract and Keywords
    3. Introduction
    4. Materials and Methods
    5. Results
    6. Discussion
    7. Conclusion
    8. Acknowledgements (If any)
    9. References
    10. Tables and/or Figures

 

Title page

First page should include the complete title of the manuscript, full names of all authors, their affiliations and addresses and the name and E- mail address of the corresponding author.

Title should be in Title Case with font size 14 (Bold) and the first character in each word in the title has to be capitalized (title should be centered). First name or Given name of the authors should be mentioned followed by initial for father name or family name. Affiliation for the authors should be mentioned (Except Position of the authors)

Abstract and keywords

Always second page should contain Abstract and Keywords. Abstract (not more than 300 words) presented in a concise form and including the purpose, methods, Results, and conclusions of the research described in the paper. A list of 3 to 5 keywords or short phrases suitable for indexing should be typed at the bottom of the abstract page. Avoid vague or overly general terms. If necessary, the keywords will be adjusted to the standards of the Journal by the editors without consulting the authors.

Introduction

State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results. Description of the research area, pertinent background information, and the hypotheses tested in the study should be included under should provide sufficient background information such that a scientifically literate reader can understand and appreciate the experiments introduction must include in-text citations including references to pertinent reviews and primary scientific literature. The specific aims identified along with a rationale for the specific experiments and other work performed.

Material and methods

Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. It should include explicit, concise descriptions of all new methods or procedures employed. Commonly used methods require only a citation of the original source. The description should be such that the reader can judge the accuracy, reproducibility, reliability, etc. of the work. The statistical tool used to analyze the data should be mentioned. In case of Experimental animals or human subjects must accompany with statement on necessary ethical approval from appropriate ethical committee.

Statistics

Whenever possible quantify findings and present them with appropriate indicators of measurement error or uncertainty (such as confidence intervals). When data are summarized in the results section, specify the statistical methods used to analyze them. Terms in statistics, such as 'random' (which implies a randomizing device), 'normal', 'significant', 'correlations', and 'sample'. Define statistical terms, Specify the computer software used. Use upper italics (p> 0.048). For all p values include the exact value and not less than 0.05 or 0.001.

Results

Results should be clear and concise. Results should include experimental data but not extended discussions of its relative significance. Results are more easily grasped by readers if they are presented in graphic or tabular form rather than discursively. Data should not be repeated in the text, Tables, and Figures.

 Discussion

This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature. This section should relate the results section to current understanding of the scientific problems being investigated in the field. Description other work/s in the field should be included here. This section also allows you to discuss the significance of your results. This section should end with new answers/questions that arise as a result of your work. Speculation is to be based on data only; be concise and clear. Lengthy discussions will necessarily mean a delay in accepting manuscripts for publication. The text should be written with a logical connection between the introduction and conclusions.

Conclusions

The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.

Acknowledgements

This is a brief section crediting the people who have helped make your manuscript possible and who aided you in your work but are mention all applicable grants and other funding that supported your work. Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).

References

Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with "Unpublished results". "Personal communication" will not be accepted as a reference. Citation of a reference as "in press" implies that the item has been accepted for publication.

Format for Citing the References in Text

  1. Single author:

Author's name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication.

  1. Two authors:

Both authors' names and the year of publication;

  1. Three or more authors:

First author's name followed by "et al.,” (it should be in italics) and the year of publication.

 

Format for References in Reference Section All references should be mentioned in Alphabetical order

Journal Articles

Yogesh, H.S., Chandrashekhar, V.M., Katti, H.R., Ganapaty, S., Raghavendra, H.L., Muchchandi, I.S., Goplakhrishna, B. (2011). Anti-osteoporotic activity of aqueous-methanol extract of Berberis aristata in ovariectomized rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 134: 334-338.

Organization as Author

Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and proinsulin in participants with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension 679-86.

Paper or Chapter in a Book

Osawa, T. (1994). Novel natural antioxidants for utilization in food and biological systems. In: Uritani, I., Garcia, V.V. & Mendoza, E.M. (Eds.), Postharvest biochemistry of plant food materials in the tropics. Tokyo, Japan: Japan Scientific Societies Press. pp. 241-251.

Book by Authors

Atta-ur-Rahman., Choudhary, M.I., Thomsen,

W.J. (2001). Bioassay Techniques for Drug Development. Harwood Academic Publishers, The Netherlands. pp. 142–143.

Thesis / Dissertation:

Srichuanchuenskul, W. (1994). Modern Chromatography of Metal Chelates, PhD Thesis, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.

Patents

Haga, T. (1976). Japan Patent No: 50-54628.

Web Pages

Include author, date, title, availability information, and accession date, if needed. URL of the site should be mentioned.

  1. Figures and Tables

Figures and Tables should be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals, with each one displayed on a separate page.

  1. Tables
  • List of Tables should be mentioned
  • Tables should be self-explanatory and should not duplicate textual material.
  • Tables with more than 10 columns and 25 rows are not acceptable.
  • Number tables, in Arabic numerals, consecutively in the order of their first citation in the text and supply a brief title for each.
  • For footnotes use the following symbols, in this sequence: *, †, ‡, **, ††, ‡‡
  • Place explanatory matter in footnotes, not in the heading.
  • Explain in footnotes all non-standard abbreviations that are used in each table.
  • Obtain permission for all fully borrowed, adapted, and modified tables and provide a credit line in the footnote.
  • Tables with their legends should be provided at the end of the text after the references.
  • The tables along with their number should be cited
  1. Figures
  • List of Figures should be mentioned
  • Upload the images in JPEG format. Send sharp, glossy, unmounted and width of 6 inches at the time of submitting the revised manuscript.
  • The photographs and figures should be trimmed to remove all the unwanted areas.
  • Figures should be numbered consecutively according to the order in which they have been first cited in the text.
  • Labels, numbers, and symbols should be clear and of uniform size. The lettering for figures should be large enough to be legible after column.
  • Symbols, arrows, or letters used in photomicrographs should contrast with the background and should marked neatly with transfer type
  • Titles and detailed explanations belong in the legends for illustrations not on the illustrations themselves.
  • When graphs, scatter-grams or histograms are submitted the numerical data on which they are based should also be supplied.
  • If photographs of people are used, either the subjects must not be identifiable or their pictures must be accompanied by written permission
  • If a figure has been published elsewhere, acknowledge the original source and submit written permission from the copyright holder to reproduce should appear in the legend for such figures.
  • Legends for illustrations: Type or print out legends (maximum 40 words, excluding the credit line) for illustrations using double spacing, to the illustrations. When symbols, arrows, numbers, or letters are used to identify parts of the illustrations, identify and explain each one scale (magnification) and identify the method of staining in photomicrographs.
  • The Journal reserves the right to crop, rotate, reduce, or enlarge the photographs to an acceptable size.

 II.        Review Articles

It is expected that review articles would be written by individuals who have done substantial work on the subject or are considered summary of the work done by the contributor(s) in the field of review should accompany the manuscript. Those authors who do not specified field, but still want to highlight new or interesting findings in that field may write for education forum.

Five types of reviews will be considered

  1. Current Perspectives: These articles should provide insight into or these articles should provide insight into or comments on current directions of research on a topic and/or discuss potential new approaches to an area of investigation.
    • Abstract (250 words)
    • Keywords 3-5
    • Up to 20 typewritten pages for the main body of the text
    • Maximum of 40 references
  1. Critical Reviews: These should cover a current topic of interest that has not been recently reviewed, emphasizing a critical discussion of noteworthy developments in the field; they should not be just a compendium of studies on the topic and should not be only autobiographical.
    • Abstract (350 words)
    • Keywords 3-5
    • Up to 40 typewritten pages for the main body of the text
    • Maximum of 110 references
  1. Survey Reviews: Should be a comprehensive survey of the research on a topic that has not been recently reviewed.
    • Abstract (400 words)
    • Keywords 3-5
    • Up to 70 typewritten pages for the main body of the text
    • Maximum of 320 references
  1. Forum Mini reviews (Approximately 40 journal pages): One set of reviews is put together by an organizer(s) on a particular topic; each set is composed of a maximum of 6 mini review articles and a preface.
    • Abstract (200 words)
    • Keywords 3-5
    • Up to 15 typewritten pages for the main body of the text
    • Maximum of 30 references
  1. Recent Techniques (in any area): The purpose of these reviews is to introduce worldwide recently developed drugs and new techniques. These articles should be written in sufficient scientific detail and format to explain the characteristics of the drugs and/or promising techniques evaluating pharmacological actions.
    • Abstract (250 words)
    • Keywords 3-5
    • Up to 70 typewritten pages for the main body of the text
    • Maximum of 300 references

The journal expects the contributors to give post-publication updates on the subject of review. The update should advances in the field after the publication of the article and should be sent as a letter to editor, as and when major development occurs can be authored by up to four authors.

III.        Correspondence (Letter to the Editor)

These should be short and decisive observations. The Journal will occasionally consider publishing letters to the editor from readers and authors in the “Correspondence” section. Letters should be comments and clarifications on articles that have recently been published in this Journal and be in a concise form. They should preferably be related to articles previously published in the Journal or they should not be preliminary observations that need a later paper for validation. The letter could have up to 700 words, one table/could be generally authored by not more than four authors.

IV.        Short Communications

Short Communications includes completed projects of smaller scope, but may not be used for preliminary publications of the data; therefore, the same material cannot be published elsewhere as an original paper.

  • Main body of the text of these communications should be not more than of 2,000 words in length and without any subheadings.
  • Manuscripts should contain no more than 2 Figures and/or Tables
  • Maximum of 15 references.
  • They should have an abstract not exceeding 150 words in length.
  • Manuscripts normally occupy 4 journal pages.
  • 2-4 keywords or short phrases for indexing should be mentioned.
  • Indicate the number of words used in the main body of the text.

   V.        Case reports:

New, interesting and rare cases can be reported. They should be unique, describing a great diagnostic or therapeutic challenge and readers. Cases with clinical significance or implications will be given priority.

The manuscript could be of up to 1000 words (excluding references and abstract). These communications should have the following headings:

Abstract (150 words)

Key-words (3-5 words) Introduction

Case report Discussion

Reference (maximum 12)

VI.        New Perspectives:

Newly detected diagnostic method, new drug or indication, any new finding or anything still under research which is going to be available discussed here.

Word count should be maximum 800, eight references, two tables/figures and four authors.

VII.        Others:

Editorial, Guest Editorial, and Commentary are solicited by the editorial board.

Proofs

The corresponding author of an accepted manuscript will receive e-mail notification and complete instructions when page proofs are available for review via a secure Web site. Routine rephrasing of sentences or additions are not permitted at the page proof stage. Alterations should be restricted to serious changes in interpretation or corrections of data. Extensive or important changes on page proofs, including changes to the list of authors or major changes to the title, are subject to editorial review. It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to ensure that all authors listed on the manuscript agree with the changes made on the proofs. Galley proofs should be returned within 48 hours of receipt in order to ensure timely publication of the manuscript. Only the corresponding author should submit one set of galley corrections to the AFNR.

Changes to Authorship

This policy concerns the addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship of accepted manuscripts. Before the accepted manuscript is published in an online issue, authors are requests to add or remove an author, or to rearrange the author names, must be sent to the Editor in Chief from the corresponding author of the accepted manuscript and must include: (a) the reason the name should be added or removed, or the author names rearranged and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, fax, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed. Requests that are not sent by the corresponding author will be forwarded by the Editor in Chief to the corresponding author, who must follow the procedure as described above. Publication of the accepted manuscript in an online issue is suspended until authorship has been agreed.

Plagiarism Policy of AFNR

Plagiarism 'refers to the presentation or submission of the work of another, without citation or credits, as your own work'. AFNR journal does not allow any form of plagiarism. Plagiarism is considered to be a serious breach of scientific ethics by the Journal. If the editorial board/Authors/Reader/Publics finds plagiarism in a piece already published in AFNR, the journal's executive board will determine appropriate action to be taken, in consultation with legal counsel, if that is deemed necessary.

Such action could include disclosure of the report or conclusions of the evaluation committee in the journal, expelling the author from AFNR Journal, barring the author (Black Listing) from again publishing in the journal, or another appropriate sanction. Plagiarized cases will be displayed in the official website. The published article will be withdrawn from the website with a note of plagiarized along with the published title; Authors will also marked for the same. The link to full text article will be disabled. Please do report plagiarism if any, E-Mail to: journals@wgu.edu.et

Abbreviations

Frequently used acceptable abbreviations are given below,

Angstrom Å

Atmosphere atm

Base pairs bp

British thermal unit BTU

Calorie cal

Centimeter cm

Colony-forming units CFU

Cubic centimeter cm3

Degree Celsius °C

Degree Fahrenheit °F

Diameter diam

Enzyme-Linked

Immunosorbent Assay ELISA

Equivalent Weight equiv wt

Foot (feet) ft

Gallon gal

Gram g

Gravity g

Hour(S) h

Inch in.

International Unit IU

Intramuscular i.m.

Intraperitoneal i.p.

Intravenous i.v.

Kilocalorie kcal

Kilogram kg

Kilometer km

Lethal Dose Median LD50

Lux lx

Meter m

Microequivalent µeq

Microgram µg

Microliter µl

Micrometer µm

Micromole µmol

Milliequivalent meq

Milligram mg

Milliliter ml

Millimeter mm

Millimolar mM

Minute(S) min

Molar M

Mole mol

Most Probable Number MPN

Nanometer nm

Normal N

Number no.

Parts per Billion ppb

Parts per Million ppm

Percent %

Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR Pound lb

Pounds per Square Inch lb in2

Revolutions per Minute rpm

Second s

Specific Activity sp. act

Ultraviolet UV

Volume vol

Weight wt